TOPOLOGY

Topology, which is part explain the relationship between the rise in computer-based functionality, the limited resources and limited cost, means-topology network topology that can be adapted to the situation in the field.

The shape of the network topology:
1. Bus Topology
Each computer will be connected to a cable length with several terminals, and at the end of the kable must end with a Terminator.

Disadvantages: there is the possibility of collision data flow, if one end device or the damage occurred in a part of the network computer will not work directly before the damage is in on.

This initial topology using coaxial kable as a media introduction of data and information. But in the current topology in this building the computer network using fiber optics kabal (fiber optic) but will be combined with other network topology to maximize performance.

2. Topology Round / ring
Topology where each computer connected to create a circle. By means every computer that is connected into a network connected to each other so that the two computers form a network with the same form of a ring.

The merit of this topology is a cable that can be used more savings. Lack of topology is the development of this network will be difficult because each computer will be connected to each other.



3. Token Ring topology
In token ring kable communicator in the circle to make it first and later will make the terminals for each computer and other devices.







4. Topology Star
In this topology are using other tools to help computer network mengkoneksikan eg hub, switch, etc..

One function as a central hub connecting computers inter-related.

The advantage of this topology of them easier to manage in the admin network, facilitate the addition of computers or terminals, easy to detect errors and damage on the network.

Drawbacks include the waste of cable, penis, which centered on the hub sometimes be critical if problems occur in case of damage to the hub of all the networks will not be in use.


5. Topology Tree hierarchy
Is a topology that can use the network in the office space in the multilevel tree topology
Between one computer to another computer with a branching hierarchy that jelas.sentral center or located on the top of a central, while the central aktiv there is underneath the central passive.

COMPUTER NETWORK

Network: the network (the network) is a collection of two or more computer systems are connected.

Type of Network Computers based on the geographical coverage:

1. Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network (LAN), a network of private property in a building
or the size of the campus until several kilometers. LANs are often used
to connect personal computers and workstations in the office
a company or factory to put together the resources (resouce,
for example, printers) and exchange information.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), basically, is a LAN version of the
the size larger and usually use the same technology with a LAN.
MAN could include offices of companies that are also situated near or
a city and can be used for personal purposes (private) or the public.
MAN able to support voice and data, can even be associated with the network
cable television.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN), the outreach includes a broad geographic area, often covering a country even continents. WAN consists of a collection of machine engine
which aims to run programs (applications) user.


Based on the role and relationship of each computer in the process of data:

- Client-Server
In this network, there are 1 or more computer servers and client computers. Each computer can become a client and server

-Peer-to-peer
In this network there is no client computer and server computer because the computer can do all the delivery and reception of information so that all client computers to function as well as server.Ada that act as a server as a client.


Based on the data transmission media:

- (wired Network)
In this network, to connect one computer to another computer needed a cable network operator. Cable network functioning in sending information in the form of electrical signals between a computer network.

- Wireless Network (Wireless Network)
Is a network with a medium electromagnetic waves. In this network is not required to connect a cable between the computer because it uses electromagnetic waves that will send the signal information between the computer network.


Hardware Components
-Server
Computers that act as server.menyediakan files, printers and other services for clien


-Workstation
Is part of the existing network. In fact, the workstations used by consumers directly







-Network Interface Card (NIC)

NIC, or network adapter is a computer hardware that is absolutely necessary if we want to use up computer network connecting the cable media. NIC to the server operating system to pengkabelan network. Based on the type of slot on the motherboard are divided into two types:

* Type ISA slot (slot black / brown, long more)
* Type PCI slots (slot white, short more)


-Switch/Hub (Concentrator / Repeater)
a tool to make the network transparent bridging (communicator segementasi many network based on a forwarding address with the MAC).

Switch network can be used as a computer or router on one area, limited switch is also working on the data link layer, how the switch works almost the same as the bridge, but the switch has a number of ports that are often called multi-port bridge.

-Bridge, Router and Gateway
Bridge connecting the two work with the network to transfer data between the network. For example, the bridge can connect the cable segments from the Token Ring architecture with Ethernet architecture, or connect two Ethernet segments into one. Bridge is able to reduce traffic by only sending data that really diniatkan computer to the destination. Bridge smart (intelligent bridge) can do better with a filter or just to send packages to certain destinations.

-Uninterrutible-Power Supply (UPS)

UPS is a very important tool for companies that use computers to produktifitasnya and do not want to lose data or working time employees. In every situation that can, via UPS is a profitable investment for each workstation, the hub, and the server on the network.